ABSTRACT: We conducted a small-scale experiment on soil simulating underwater blasting and studied the shape of waves as well as properties of electrical noises generated during blasting. From these noise waves, we wanted to detect any failure in initiation of the charge or blasting conditions, etc. It was observed that the main source of noise …
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Category:Books – Shimizu Articles
Selected Pyrotechnic Publications of Dr Takeo Shimizu
Study on the Reaction Mechanism of Black Powder And Its Applications Ballistics of Firework Shells
ABSTRACT: Black Powder is said to be the oldest explosive. At present, it is one of the most important explosives. However, the burning reaction mechanism of materials in the mixture is still obscure. The purpose of this study is to clarify this mechanism and illustrate some applications of Black Powder. The burning reaction of Black …
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Some Techniques for Manufacturing Fireworks (1) Dark Delay Compositions, (2) The Use of Metal Powders
Introduction: In recent years I have studied the oxidation and reduction taking place between various substances in a mixture. I reported on some of these studies in a paper titled “A Concept of Negative Explosives” presented in 1986 at the Eleventh International Pyrotechnics Seminar[1] in Vail, Colorado, USA. In the present paper, I will be …
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Research on the Most Appropriate Method for the Pyrotechnic Industry To Determine the Sensitivity of Compositions
SUMMARY: Those of us who work in the pyrotechnic industry have three requirements to obtain data concerning the sensitivity of mixtures: 1) establish the starting point of no-ignition 2) understand the possibility of propagation of the ignition to combustion or explosion 3) clarify the variation of the sensitivity, which is dependent on the materials that …
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The Critical Burning of Pyrotechnic Compositions
Introduction: The author attempts to establish a general theory summarizing the phenomena related to the chemical reactions occurring inside pyrotechnic compositions. There are three types of reactions: smoldering, burning and detonation. In addition, there are several interesting variations like sparking, flashing [strobing] and pyrotechnic whistling. These phenomena fall between smoldering and burning or between burning …
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Part VII. On Composition Series for Practical Use
ABSTRACT: (1) The spectroscopic studies in the previous Parts are summarized so as to apply the principle of flame color creation for practical use. (2) According to the results of (1), various samples of red, yellow, green and blue of several composition series are prepared. Their flame colors are examined by the naked eye and …
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Part VI. Flame Spectra of Metal Aluminum Compositione
ABSTRACT: The previous Parts showed the effect of magnesium powder as a fuel in high temperature compositions. In this Part the effect of aluminum powder is examined. In general aluminum melts and is sprayed as sparks out of the flame. It is not as easily vaporized because of its high boiling point. With aluminum the …
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Part V: Flame Spectra of Blue Color Compositions
ABSTRACT: We can see three different flame colors (i.e., blue, light green and reddish orange) when we insert a small copper piece into a flame of a burner. The blue color is caused by CuCl bands with the strongest lines between 4269–4560 Å. Our goal is to use this color for fireworks. Blue is produced by …
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Part IV. Flame Spectra of Red, Yellow and Green Color Compositions
ABSTRACT: lame spectra of red, yellow and green color compositions are examined under various conditions. a. Red Flame A red flame is produced by bands from strontium (Sr) salts. These bands consist of five main bands [i.e., (6013), (6203), (6300), (6428) and (6558)], where each number represents the wavelength of the maximum …
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Part III. On Backgrounds of Color Flame Spectra
ABSTRACT: Blank runs were made with nominal colorproducing compositions to investigate the lines, bands or continuous spectra that appear as background and interfere with the desired spectra of red, yellow, green, etc. These sample compositions consisted of solid materials such as oxidizers (ammonium perchlorate, potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, potassium nitrate, etc.), low temperature fuels (shellac, …
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