The Various Types of Throw Blankets: Which One is Right for You?

Introduction: Throw blankets are not just cozy additions to your home—they’re also versatile decor pieces that can enhance the aesthetic of any room. With a vast array of options available, selecting the perfect throw blanket can feel overwhelming. This guide breaks down the most popular types of throw blankets by material, helping you choose the …
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An Introduction to Chemical Thermodynamics Part 3. Free Energy and Equilibrium

Barry Sturman ABSTRACT: This is the third article in a series presenting an introduction to chemical thermodynamics, emphasizing those aspects of particular relevance to pyrotechnics. It shows how the Gibbs free energy varies with temperature and pressure, and how this affects chemical equilibrium. It also shows how a number of useful facts about chemical systems …
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Evaluation of the Hazards Posed by High Energy Bangers Part 1. Noise, Overpressure and TNT Equivalence

R. K. Wharton, D. Chapman and A. E. Jeffcock ABSTRACT: The work reported in this paper was undertaken to determine the hazards posed by certain types of European bangers (firecrackers) that use flash composition. Experiments were done to evaluate the overpressures and noise levels close to such fireworks when they function. The results indicate that …
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Grass Tree Gum – Reprint of 1858 Article

The following was brought to our attention by Barry Sturman. It originally appeared in Quarterly Journal and Transactions of the Pharmaceutical Society of Victoria, Vol. 1, No. 3 (1858) pp 119–120. CORRESPONDENCE.  GRASS TREE GUM—(AUSTRALIAN DRAGON’S BLOOD) Letter from Dr. McCrea, Chief Medical Officer. C. M. O. Office, Melbourne, 23rd May, 1858. Click download link …
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Application of Hydroxyl (OH) Radical Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy to Rocket Plumes

M. W. Teague, Tonya Felix, M. K. Hudson, and R. Shanks ABSTRACT: A spectrometer system was constructed for measurement of transient species in flames by absorption of ultraviolet radiation. The output of a xenon arc lamp was used as the source of radiation, which was focused through the flame and onto a monochromator equipped with …
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The Effects of External Fire on Fireworks Stored in Steel ISO Transport Containers

S. G. Myatt ABSTRACT: The increased use of steel ISO transport containers for storing fireworks led the UK’s Health and Safety Executive (HSE) to commission research to gain a better understanding of the behaviour of fireworks in such storage when exposed to an external fire. Subsequent incidents involving storage of fireworks in ISO containers demonstrated …
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Effect of Ultrasound on Single-Base Propellants for Pyrotechnic Purposes

Valentin Grozev, Radi Ganev, Ivan Glavchev ABSTRACT:  Investigations were conducted on the effect of ultrasound on single-base propellants. Changes in the average viscosimetric molecular weight of nitrocellulose in the solutions of propellants in acetone and in a mixture of ethyl alcoholdiethyl ether were studied. It has been established that, for at least 60 minutes, the …
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Thermodynamics of Black Powder and Aerodynamics of Propelled Aerial Shells

John E. Mercer ABSTRACT:  This paper describes the theoretical basis of a computer code that numerically models firework mortars. The code analyzes both the Black Powder propelling and flight segments of a shell. Equations for the gas dynamics of Black Powder combustion, leakage flow around the shell and aerodynamics of flight are included.  Representations for commonly …
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Accidents and their Role in Aiding the Management of Health and Safety in Pyrotechnics Manufacture

Allen Webb ABSTRACT: The investigation and analysis of the causes and circumstances of accidents can be an invaluable tool in assessing the effectiveness of systems for the management of health and safety. This article considers and draws on the lessons learned from a number of accidents to suggest a general framework to aid the development …
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