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Ernst-Christian Koch ABSTRACT: The combustion chemistry of phosphorus and its compounds in pyrotechnic applications is discussed. Whereas red phosphorus (RP) and phosphorus sulfides can be used as fuels, the phosphates can be used as oxidizers in metalcontaining pyrolants. Phosphorus combustion mainly occurs in the gas phase after volatilization of the parent phosphorus source, be it …
Continue reading Special Materials in Pyrotechnics: IV.[1] The Chemistry of Phosphorus and its Compounds

Andrew B. Wright, Jason E. Elsasser, M. Keith Hudson, and Ann M. Wright ABSTRACT: The oxygen injector head in UALR’s labscale hybrid rocket motor has been redesigned to include a coaxially located optical port. This port permits viewing directly into the space in front of the fuel grain where combustion is initiated. It is designed …
Continue reading Optical Studies of Combustion Chamber Flame in a Hybrid Rocket Motor

K. R. Mniszewski and K. L. Kosanke ABSTRACT: A study of the explosive output of rolls of paper toy caps, in variously sized assemblages, was conducted. The testing has shown that toy cap rolls are clearly capable of producing a powerful explosive effect if initiated with a sufficiently energetic event. TNT equivalencies based on toy …
Continue reading Air Blast TNT Equivalency for Rolls of Paper Toy Caps

Matthew L. Davies ABSTRACT: Although the first efforts in understanding pyrotechnic whistles began over fifty years ago, there is still no firmly established mechanism that accurately describes their operation. This review describes the progress made and the current state of knowledge of combustion phenomena in whistle devices. In addition, investigations into identifying alternative safer fuels …
Continue reading A Review of the Chemistry and Dynamics of Pyrotechnic Whistles

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L. T. Briscoe, K. L. Kosanke, and R. C. Dujay Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the potential for being able to identify primer gunshot residue (PGSR) within the substantial quantities of particulate residues produced during the firing of a revolver using Black Powder propellant and a percussion cap primer. Samples of gunshot residue …
Continue reading Primer Gunshot Residue Detection from the Firing of a Black Powder Revolver

K. L. Kosanke and B. J. Kosanke Abstract: Lightning Thermo Tube (LTT) is a recently introduced type of shock tube with characteristics that make it highly suitable for use with common pyrotechnics. LTT is reliably initiated by reasonably energetic electric matches and reliably ignites most pyrotechnic compositions. LTT is physically strong, easily spliced and branched, …
Continue reading An Evaluation of Lightning Thermo Tube™ as a Pyrotechnic Ignition System

John Wraige Abstract: This report presents the results of experiments carried out spasmodically over 14 years to investigate the glitter phenomenon. Various glitter compositions are disclosed. Some of these show that the use of sulphur in either elemental or combined form is unnecessary. Others show that similar considerations apply to antimony or any other heavy …
Continue reading The Search For The Glitter Phenomenon

Kazuomi Itoh, Dayu Ding, Hiroshi Tajima and Tadao Yoshida* Abstract: The spectroscopic measurement of burning stars has been carried out in order to examine the spectra of the stars, the peak intensity profiles of the spectra, the burning time and behavior, and the effect of filters on the attenuation of peak intensity and the excitation …
Continue reading Spectroscopic Measurement of Burning Stars

Kazuomi Itoh, Dayu Ding and Tadao Yoshida* Abstract: Spectra and color values of the light from LEDs and liquid colors were measured using the PMA-11C7473-36 spectrometer as a preliminary study of the color of fireworkflames. The light from LEDs was stable and reproducibly measured. The color values of the light from LEDs did not vary …
Continue reading Spectroscopic Measurement of Light and Flame of LEDs and Liquid Colors