Tom Smith & Christian Lohrer Abstract: There is a wide variety of approaches across the world in determining appropriate “safety distances” for firework displays. Comparison of the different national approaches and distances for shells derived from ShellCalc© highlights the variety and derivation of the “safety distances” adopted and these distances are related to the various …
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Display Fireworks And Stage Pyrotechnics In Use – Which Distances Are ‘Safe’ In Germany And Other Parts Of the EU?
Christian Lohrer Abstract: Display fireworks and theatrical pyrotechnic articles are widely used in the EU by persons with specialist knowledge for local festivities, events, concerts and various music shows. According to the European Directive 2013/29/EU relating to the making available on the Union market of pyrotechnic articles, these articles are categorized as fireworks of category …
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Green Pyrotechnic Formulations Based on Metal-Free and Nitrogen-Rich Tetrazolylborate Salts
Thomas M. Klapötke, Magdalena Rusan and Jörg Stierstorfer Abstract: The investigation of green-burning boron-based compounds as colorants in pyrotechnic formulations as an alternative for environmentally and health hazardous barium nitrate is reported here. Metal-free and nitrogen-rich dihydrobis(5-aminotetrazolyl)borate salts and dihydrobis(1,3,4-triazolyl)borate salts have been synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry and vibrational …
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Quantification of Visible Aerosols from Pyrotechnics: Metal and Metal Compound Additives
Rene Yo Abe, Yoshiaki Akutsu, Akihiro Shimada and Takehiro Matsunaga Abstract: The effect of metal and metal compounds commonly used in pyrotechnics on visible aerosol development at high relative humidity has been investigated in combustion experiments using a combustion chamber. Ammonium perchlorate/ hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene as oxidant/fuel system allowed aerosols generated from the additives to be …
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OPINIONS – Issues with UN explosives classification – a personal perspective
Dr Tom Smith Abstract: The United Nations classification regime for explosives is well established and has undoubtedly led to improvements in transport safety. However there are challenges that the hazard based approach faces and this paper attempts to highlight some of the more pressing issues. Ref: JPyro, Issue 33, 2014, pp9-15 (J33-9) OPINIONS This article is …
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Screening of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) contents in fireworks
Silke Schwarz, Annett Knorr and Christian Lohrer Abstract: This paper gives a brief overview of the findings of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in fireworks compositions observed within EC type-examinations according to Module B (as set out in the annex II of the Directive 2007/23/EC) of the notified body BAM. In this work, roughly 220 samples were analysed, …
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Visual and Near Infrared Mass Extinction Coefficient of Five Pyrotechnic Screening Smokes
Matti Harkoma Abstract: The screening properties of five different obscurants were compared at relative humidities of 30%, 50% and 85% and mass extinction coefficients were calculated. The obscurants were five military smokes: 1) a traditional hexachloroethane, Zn powder and TNT based screening smoke, the HC smoke as a reference, 2) a potassium chlorite, Mg powder …
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Assessment of Explosives in Squibs
Lutz Kurth, Holger Krebs, Benjamin Theil, Olaf Mücke, Christian Lohrer Abstract: Experiments in this study reveal that the initiating capability of commonly used squibs is not high enough to initiate PETN in all cases. The fulfilment of the ‘new’ essential safety requirement 4 as set out in the European directive 2013/29/EU and the categorization of squibs …
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The Senko Hanabi Sparkler: A Study Of Its Reaction Mechanisms
Frederick Van Der Sypt, M.D. Abstract: The senko hanabi sparkler was found to be a very useful tool to study glitter phenomena. It was shown that current theoretical frameworks are incapable of explaining all observations. New elements were added to the discussion about the role of critical temperature and potassium sulfate concentration on the glitter …
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The Senko Hanabi Sparkler: A Study Of Factors Affecting Construction And Performance
Frederick Van Der Sypt, M.D. Abstract: This article describes the many variables that influence the proper functioning of a senko hanabi sparkler. Standardization of these variables led to the development of a reliable and optimized device. On top of this, two new effects were added to the traditional design, the first being a diversification and …
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