{"id":160,"date":"2007-01-25T10:56:15","date_gmt":"2007-01-25T10:56:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.jpyro.com\/wp\/?p=160"},"modified":"2007-01-25T10:56:15","modified_gmt":"2007-01-25T10:56:15","slug":"some-properties-of-explosion-generated-toroids","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/?p=160","title":{"rendered":"Some Properties of Explosion Generated Toroids"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"left\"><strong>Fred Ryan and Joe Daugherty<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong>ABSTRACT:<\/strong> The mechanism of sound production from explosion-created toroids is discussed, as well as progress in rendering them more visible. The toroids, or &ldquo;smoke rings&rdquo;, are easily formed by exploding a small charge at the bottom of a cylindrical barrel that is open at the top. The stability, self propulsion,&nbsp; velocities, visibility, and sound frequencies are discussed. The dependency of these properties on the toroid production parameters is experimentally compared with theoretical predictions.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> toroid, vortex, smoke ring, explosion generated, sound emission, velocity, stability, frequency, visibility<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em><strong>Ref:<\/strong> JPyro, Issue 17, 2003, pp53-64<br \/> (J17_53)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fred Ryan and Joe Daugherty ABSTRACT: The mechanism of sound production from explosion-created toroids is discussed, as well as progress in rendering them more visible. The toroids, or &ldquo;smoke rings&rdquo;, are easily formed by exploding a small charge at the bottom of a cylindrical barrel that is open at the top. The stability, self propulsion,&nbsp; &hellip;<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/?p=160\" class=\"more-link pen_button pen_element_default pen_icon_arrow_double\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Some Properties of Explosion Generated Toroids<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2,29],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=160"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/160\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}