{"id":805,"date":"2009-03-19T11:13:45","date_gmt":"2009-03-19T11:13:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.jpyro.com\/wp\/?p=805"},"modified":"2010-01-13T10:50:17","modified_gmt":"2010-01-13T10:50:17","slug":"fireworks-on-the-sumida-river","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/?p=805","title":{"rendered":"Fireworks on the Sumida River"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Damien Liu-Brennan and Tadao Yoshida<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Fireworks (hanabi) were originally displayed on the Sumida River in 1733 as a memorial service for the victims of starvation due to crop failures and plague, and an epidemic of cholera. The fireworks display originated as the &#8220;Ry\u014dgoku Kawabiraki Hanabi&#8221; (Ry\u014dgoku River-Opening Fireworks) with only 20 fireworks displayed. Although the display has experienced several interruptions historically, it has evolved into what is known today as the &#8220;Sumidagawa Hanabi Taikai&#8221; (Sumida River Fireworks Display). Currently, a total of about twenty thousand hanabi shells are displayed from two separate firing locations on the river, and in conjunction with this, a fireworks competition is held at one of the locations. This paper describes the history, evolution, and current status of the display.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Sumida River, fireworks history, Japanese fireworks, hanabi, Kagiya, Tamaya, Ry\u014dgoku<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"Apple-style-span\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/span><span class=\"Apple-style-span\">(J28_3)<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ref:<\/strong>\u00a0JPyro, Issue 28, 2009, pp3-15<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Damien Liu-Brennan and Tadao Yoshida Abstract: Fireworks (hanabi) were originally displayed on the Sumida River in 1733 as a memorial service for the victims of starvation due to crop failures and plague, and an epidemic of cholera. The fireworks display originated as the &#8220;Ry\u014dgoku Kawabiraki Hanabi&#8221; (Ry\u014dgoku River-Opening Fireworks) with only 20 fireworks displayed. Although &hellip;<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/?p=805\" class=\"more-link pen_button pen_element_default pen_icon_arrow_double\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Fireworks on the Sumida River<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2,29],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/805"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=805"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/805\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1082,"href":"http:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/805\/revisions\/1082"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=805"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=805"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.jpyro.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=805"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}