ABSTRACT: (1) The spectroscopic studies in the previous Parts are summarized so as to apply the principle of flame color creation for practical use. (2) According to the results of (1), various samples of red, yellow, green and blue of several composition series are prepared. Their flame colors are examined by the naked eye and …
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Month:April 2007
Part VI. Flame Spectra of Metal Aluminum Compositione
ABSTRACT: The previous Parts showed the effect of magnesium powder as a fuel in high temperature compositions. In this Part the effect of aluminum powder is examined. In general aluminum melts and is sprayed as sparks out of the flame. It is not as easily vaporized because of its high boiling point. With aluminum the …
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Part V: Flame Spectra of Blue Color Compositions
ABSTRACT: We can see three different flame colors (i.e., blue, light green and reddish orange) when we insert a small copper piece into a flame of a burner. The blue color is caused by CuCl bands with the strongest lines between 4269–4560 Å. Our goal is to use this color for fireworks. Blue is produced by …
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Part IV. Flame Spectra of Red, Yellow and Green Color Compositions
ABSTRACT: lame spectra of red, yellow and green color compositions are examined under various conditions. a. Red Flame A red flame is produced by bands from strontium (Sr) salts. These bands consist of five main bands [i.e., (6013), (6203), (6300), (6428) and (6558)], where each number represents the wavelength of the maximum …
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Part III. On Backgrounds of Color Flame Spectra
ABSTRACT: Blank runs were made with nominal colorproducing compositions to investigate the lines, bands or continuous spectra that appear as background and interfere with the desired spectra of red, yellow, green, etc. These sample compositions consisted of solid materials such as oxidizers (ammonium perchlorate, potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, potassium nitrate, etc.), low temperature fuels (shellac, …
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Part II. Temperature Measurement of Flames by Means of the Line-Reversal Method
ABSTRACT: Using the theory developed in Part I, flame temperatures for various fireworks compositions have been measured by means of line-reversal of the Na-D lines. (1) For low flame temperature compositions: Compositions that contain combustible organic materials (i.e., shellac, rosin, pine root pitch, etc.) are commonly used in ordinary fireworks. The author prepared various combinations …
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Part I. A Theoretical Development of the Line-Reversal Method for Flame Temperature Measurement
ABSTRACT: A fireworks flame generally contains many solid or liquid particles, which cause a continuous spectrum. In order to apply the linereversal method of temperature measurement to such flames, the author introduced a theoretical equation, which denotes the ratio of the intensity of the resonance lines to that of the neighboring part of the spectrum …
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Safety Rating System for Pyro-Chemicals
The safety ratings are given for four areas of hazard concern: Ref: Selected Pyrotechnic Publication of K.L. and B.J Kosanke, Part 3, (1993-1994), pp 92-93 (K3_92)
Basics of Hazard Management
K.L. and B.J. Kosanke, and C. Jennings-White The consequences of accidents can be devastating to those immediately involved and their relatives. However, the ramifications of accidents can extend much further. This is illustrated in what Richard Green (Idaho National Engineering Laboratory)[1] has described as “The Four Horsemen of Our Own Apocalypse”, specifically: ACCIDENTS, INJURIES, LITIGATION, …
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Hypothesis Explaining Muzzle Breaks
K.L. and B.J. Kosanke ABSTRACT: Muzzle breaking aerial shells continue to be a significant cause of serious injury for persons discharging display fireworks. The problem is greatest for manually fired displays, where the person igniting the fireworks remains in close proximity to the mortar. Over the years, many possible causes for muzzle breaks have been …
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